Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1
Assistant Professor at Al-Mustafa University and member of the Theological Society of Qom, Qom, Iran.
2
Professor and faculty member of Al-Mustafa University and full member of the Association of Religions and Sects of the Seminary, Qom, Iran
Abstract
The approach to prophetic studies plays a significant role not only in the precise understanding of views but also in their analysis, examination, and evaluation, and most of the differences in views in the field of prophecy and revelation are related to it. In Jewish theology, in the field of prophetic studies, there are at least three approaches: "narrationalism", "theological", and "philosophical", which the present article examines with a descriptive-analytical method and with the aim of understanding the approaches of Jewish theology. The findings of this research show that in the biblical theological approach, not only is there no attempt to provide a rational explanation of the issues of prophecy, but the use of reason is considered unnecessary and even wrong. The theological approach in Judaism, especially medieval Judaism, is influenced by Islamic theology and includes various theological movements. David Moqmās (died around 900 AD) and Saadia Gaon (883-943 AD) are representatives of the Mu’tazilite trend. In the theological approach influenced by the Ash'arites, whose followers include Yehuda Helwi (before 1075-1141 CE) and Ishaq al-Balagh (13th century CE), the priority of revelation over reason is emphasized. The theological approach of the Karaites, like the Kufa school of thought, is indifferent to tradition. The philosophical approach in Judaism, which emphasizes the use of language, principles, and philosophical literature in the series of prophetic discussions, also has various tendencies. The most prominent representative of the Aristotelian philosophical trend is Maimonides (1135-1204 CE), who examines the most important issues of prophecy from an ontological perspective. Each of these approaches has a series of methodological and content components in the field of prophecy, which will be examined in the following article.
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